Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary, Archduchess of Austria, (, , , , , ;
May 13,
1717 –
November 29 1780) was (reigning) Archduchess of
Austria and
Queen of
Hungary and
Bohemia.Maria Theresa was the oldest daughter of
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Emperor
Charles VI, who promulgated the
Pragmatic Sanction to allow her to succeed to the
Habsburg monarchy. Opposition to her acceding to the throne led to the
War of the Austrian Succession in 1740. After Emperor
Charles VII, who claimed the throne, died in 1745, Maria Theresa obtained the
imperial crown for her husband,
Francis I. Though she was technically empress
consort, Maria Theresa was the
de facto ruler of the nation, and she began styling herself Holy Roman Empress in 1745. Maria Theresa had in fact already begun her rule in 1740 during the Austrian War of Succession.
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