Spinal cord injury causes myelopathy or damage to white matter or myelinated fiber tracts that carry sensation and motor signals to and from the brain. It also damages gray matter in the central part of the spinal, causing segmental losses of interneurons and motoneurons. Spinal cord injury can occur from many causes, including:Trauma such as
automobile accidents,
falls,
gunshots,
diving accidents,
war injuries, etc.Tumor such as meningiomas, ependymomas, astrocytomas, and metastatic cancer.Ischemia resulting from occlusion of spinal blood vessels, including dissecting aortic aneurisms,
emboli,
arteriosclerosis.Developmental disorders, such as
spina bifida, meningomyolcoele, and other.Neurodegenerative diseases, such as
Friedreich's ataxia,
spinocerebellar ataxia, etc.Demyelinative diseases, such as
Multiple Sclerosis.Transverse myelitis, resulting from spinal cord stroke,
inflammation, or other causes.Vascular malformations, such as
arteriovenous malformation (AVM),
dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF), spinal
hemangioma,
cavernous angioma and
aneurysm.
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