<
operating system> /M S doss/ Microsoft Disk Operating System (Or "
DOS", "
MS-DOG", "
mess-dos")
Microsoft Corporation's
clone of
CP/M for the
8088 crufted together in 6 weeks by hacker Tim Paterson, who is said to have regretted it ever since.
MS-DOS is a single user
operating system that runs one program at a time and is limited to working with one megabyte of memory, 640 kilobytes of which is usable for the
application program. Special add-on
EMS memory boards allow EMS-compliant software to exceed the 1 MB limit. Add-ons to DOS, such as
Microsoft Windows and
DESQview, take advantage of EMS and allow the user to have multiple applications loaded at once and switch between them.
Numerous features, including vaguely
Unix-like but rather broken support for subdirectories,
I/O redirection, and
pipelines, were hacked into MS-DOS 2.0 and subsequent versions; as a result, there are two or more incompatible versions of many system calls, and MS-DOS programmers can never agree on basic things like what character to use as an option switch or whether to be case-sensitive. The resulting mess is now the highest-unit-volume
operating system in history. It is used on many
Intel 16 and 32 bit
microprocessors and
IBM PC compatibles.
Many of the original DOS functions were calls to
BASIC (in
ROM on the original
IBM PC), e.g. Format and Mode. People with non-IBM PCs had to buy
MS-Basic (later called
GWBasic). Most version of DOS came with some version of BASIC.
Also know as PC-DOS or simply as DOS, which annoys people familiar with other similarly abbreviated operating systems (the name goes back to the mid-1960s, when it was attached to
IBM's first disk operating system for the
IBM 360). Some people like to pronounce DOS like "dose" or to compare it to a dose of brain-damaging drugs (a slogan button in wide circulation among hackers exhorts: "MS-DOS: Just say No!").
[
Jargon File]
(1998-07-19)
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