MPEG-1

MPEG-1 defines a group of Audio and Video (AV) coding and compression standards agreed upon by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group). MPEG-1 video is used by the Video CD (VCD) format and less commonly by the DVD-Video format. The quality at standard VCD resolution and bitrate is near the quality and performance of a VHS tape. MPEG-1, Audio Layer 3 is the popular audio format known as MP3. As cheaper and more powerful consumer decoding hardware became available, more advanced formats such as MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 were developed. These newer formats are more complex and require more powerful hardware, but the formats also achieve greater coding efficiency, i.e., quality per bitrate.
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<compression, standard, algorithm, file format> The first MPEG format for compressed video, optimised for CD-ROM. MPEG-1 was designed for the transmission rates of about 1.5 Mbps achievable with Video-CD and CD-i.
It uses discrete cosine transform (DCT) and Huffman coding to remove spatially redundant data within a frame and block-based motion compensated prediction (MCP) to remove data which is temporally redundant between frames. Audio is compressed using subband encoding. These algorithms allow better than VHS quality video and almost CD quality audio to be compressed onto and streamed off a single speed (1x) CD-ROM drive.
MPEG encoding can introduce blockiness, colour bleed and shimmering effects on video and lack of detail and quantisation effects on audio.
The official name of MPEG-1 is International Standard IS-11172.
(1999-01-06)