MITOCHONDRIA

n. corpuscles in the cytoplasm which provide energy to a cell (Biology)

In cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed organelle that is found in most eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants," because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP, used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in a range of other processes, such as cell signaling, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, as well as the control of the cell cycle and cell growth. The number of mitochondria in a cell varies widely by organism and tissue type. Many cells possess only a single mitochondrion, whereas others can contain several thousand mitochondria.
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Noun
1. an organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy
(synonym) chondriosome
(hypernym) organelle, cell organ
(hyponym) sarcosome

Normal structures in cells. Mitochondria are located in the cell's cytoplasm outside the nucleus (which is home to the normal human complement of 46 chromosomes). Each mitochondrion has a chromosome made of DNA but, otherwise, the mitochondrial chromosome is quite different in size and shape from other chromosomes: The mitochondrial chromosome is much smaller, it is round (whereas the chromosomes in the nucleus are shaped like rods) and there are many copies of the mitochondrial chromosome per cell. No matter whether we are male or female, we all inherit our mitochondrial chromosome from our mother so we all owe our mitochondrial chromosomes to Eve (rather than to Adam).

Parts of a cell where aerobic production (also called cell respiration) takes place.