Methane is a
chemical compound with the molecular formula . It is the simplest
alkane, and the principal component of
natural gas. Methane's bond angles are 109.5 degrees.
Burning one
molecule of methane in the presence of
oxygen releases one molecule of (
carbon dioxide) and two molecules of : Methane's relative abundance and clean burning process makes it a very attractive
fuel. However, because it is a gas (at normal temperature and pressure - see,
STP) and not a liquid or solid, methane is difficult to transport from the areas that produce it to the areas that consume it. Converting methane to derivatives that are more easily transported, such as
methanol, is an active area of research. Certain
microorganisms can effect this selective oxidation using enzymes called
methane monooxygenases.
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is a
gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of
methane but including significant quantities of
ethane,
butane,
propane,
carbon dioxide,
nitrogen,
helium and
hydrogen sulfide. It is found in
oil fields and
natural gas fields, and in
coal beds (as
coalbed methane). When methane-rich gases are produced by the
anaerobic decay of non-fossil
organic material, these are referred to as
biogas. Sources of biogas include
swamps,
marshes, and
landfills (see
landfill gas), as well as
sewage sludge and
manure by way of
anaerobic digesters, in addition to
enteric fermentation particularly in
cattle. Natural gas is often informally referred to as simply gas, especially when compared to other energy sources such as electricity. Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must undergo extensive
processing to remove almost all materials other than methane. The by-products of that processing include ethane, propane, butanes,
pentanes and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, elemental sulfur, and sometimes
helium and nitrogen.
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