Luxembourg ( ), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (, , , ), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland ("good country") in the south. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately . A representative democracy with a constitutional monarch, it is ruled by a grand duke. It is now the world's only remaining sovereign grand duchy. The country has a highly developed economy, with the world's highest GDP (nominal) per capita according to the IMF. Its historic and strategic importance dates back to its founding as a Roman era fortress site and Frankish count's castle site in the Early Middle Ages. It was an important bastion along the Spanish Road when Spain was the principal European power influencing the whole western hemisphere and beyond in the 16th–17th centuries.

Il Granducato di Lussemburgo (o Lussemburgo) è uno Stato dell'Unione europea situato fra Germania (stati Renania-Palatinato e Saarland) a est, Francia (dipartimenti della Mosella e di Meurthe-et-Moselle in Lorena) a sud e Belgio (province del Lussemburgo e di Liegi in Vallonia) a ovest.