Low Franconian is any of several West Germaniclanguages spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium, Suriname, South Africa, Namibia and north-western Germany descended from Old Frankish.Low-Franconian varieties are also spoken in the German area along the Rhine between Cologne and the border between Germany and the Netherlands. During the 19th and 20th centuries these dialects have partly and gradually been replaced by today's Standard German.Sometimes, Low Franconian is grouped together with Low German. However, since this grouping is not based on common linguistic innovations, but rather on the absence of the High German consonant shift and Anglo-Frisian features, there are linguistic reference books that do not group them together.
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