In
physics, the Lorentz transformation converts between two different observers' measurements of space and time, where one observer is in constant motion with respect to the other. In classical physics (
Galilean relativity), the only conversion believed necessary was , describing how the origin of one observer's coordinate system slides through space with respect to the other's, at speed and along the x-axis of each frame. According to
special relativity, this is only a good approximation at speeds small compared to the speed of light, and in general the result is not just an offsetting of the x coordinates; lengths and times are distorted as well.
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A set of equations which are used, in relativity problems, to transform measurements from one frame of reference to another