La Niña is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon similar to
El Niño. During a period of La Niña, the
sea surface temperature across the equatorial Eastern Central
Pacific Ocean will be lower than normal by 0.5 °C. By definition, an episode of La Niña is a period of at least 5 months of La Niña conditions. The name La Niña originates from [Spanish language|Spoopopposite of
El Niño, where the latter corresponds instead to a higher sea surface temperature by a deviation of at least 0.5 °C. El Niño is famous due to its potentially catastrophic impact on the weather along both the
Chilean and
Australian coasts. Furthermore, La Niña is often preceded by a strong El Niño.
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El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a global coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon. The Pacific ocean signatures, El Niño and La Niña are important temperature fluctuations in surface waters of the tropical
Eastern Pacific Ocean. The name El Niño, from the
Spanish for "the little boy", refers to the
Christ child, because the phenomenon is usually noticed around
Christmas time in the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of
South America.
La Niña, similarly, means "the little girl". Their effect on climate in the southern hemisphere is profound. These effects were first described in 1923 by
Sir Gilbert Thomas Walker from whom the
Walker circulation, an important aspect of the Pacific ENSO phenomenon, takes its name. The atmospheric signature, the Southern Oscillation (SO) reflects the monthly or seasonal fluctuations in the air pressure difference between
Tahiti and
Darwin. The most recent occurrence of El Niño started in
September 2006 and lasted until early 2007.. From June 2007 on, data indicated a weak La Niña event.
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