The
roots of the reconstructed
Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) are basic
morphemes carrying a
lexical meaning. By addition of
suffixes, they form
stems, and by addition of
desinences, these form grammatically inflected
words (
nouns or
verbs).PIE roots are subject to
ablaut, and except for a very few cases, the root is fully characterized by its constituent consonants, while the vowel may alternate. PIE roots as a rule have a single syllabic core, and by ablaut may either be monosyllabic or unsyllabic.PIE roots may be of the following form (where K is a voiceless stop, G an unaspirated and Gh an aspirated stop, R a sonorant (r, l, m, n, w, y) and H a fricative (either
laryngeal or s)
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