Karyotyping

A karyotype is the observed characteristics (number, type, shape etc) of the chromosomes of an individual or species.In normal diploid organisms, autosomal chromosomes are present in two identical copies, although polyploid cells have multiple copies of chromosomes and haploid cells have single copies. The chromosomes are arranged and displayed (often on a photo) in a standard format known as an idiogram: in pairs, ordered by size and position of centromere for chromosomes of the same size. Karyotypes are used to study chromosomal aberrations, and may be used to determine other macroscopically visible aspects of an individual's genotype, such as sex. In order to be able to see the chromosomes and determine their size and internal pattern, they are chemically labeled with a dye ("stained"). The pattern of individual chromosomes is called chromosome banding, whereas the study of whole sets of chromosomes is known as karyology.
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Karyotyping A laboratory test used to study an individual's chromosome make-up. Chromosomes are separated from cells, stained, and arranged in order [more]Karyotyping - Community and Resources

Chromosome study.