Events1508 -
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by
Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year truce and cede several territories to
Venice1513 -
Italian Wars: Battle of Novara. Swiss troops defeat the French under
Louis de la Tremoille, forcing the French to abandon
Milan. Duke
Massimiliano Sforza is restored.1523 -
Gustav Vasa is elected King of
Sweden, marking the end of the
Kalmar Union. 1654 -
Charles X succeeds his abdicated cousin
Queen Christina to the
Swedish throne.
1683 - The
Ashmolean Museum in
Oxford,
England, opens as the world's first
university museum.
1752 - A devastating fire destroys one-third of
Moscow, including 18,000 homes.
1808 -
Napoleon's brother,
Joseph Bonaparte is crowned King of
Spain.
1809 -
Sweden promulgates a new
Constitution, which restores political power to the
Riksdag of the Estates after 20 years of
Enlightened absolutism.
1813 -
War of 1812:
Battle of Stoney Creek - A
British force of 700 under
John Vincent defeat an
American force three times its size under
William Winder and
John Chandler.
1832 - The
barricades fall and the
Paris student uprisings of 1832 end.
1833 -
U.S. President Andrew Jackson becomes the first
President to ride a
train.
1844 - The
Young Men's Christian Association (
YMCA) is founded in
London.
1857 -
Sophia of Nassau marries the future King
Oscar II of
Sweden-Norway.
1859 -
Australia:
Queensland is established as a separate
colony from
New South Wales (
Queensland Day).
1862 -
American Civil War:
Battle of Memphis -
Union forces capture
Memphis, Tennessee, from the
Confederates.
1882 - More than 100,000 inhabitants of
Bombay are killed as a
cyclone in the
Arabian Sea pushes huge waves into the harbour.1882 - The
Shewan forces of
Menelik defeat the
Gojjame army in the
Battle of Embabo. The Shewans capture Negus Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, and their victory leads to a Shewan hegemony over the territories south of the
Abay River.
1889 - The
Great Seattle Fire destroys the entirety of downtown
Seattle, Washington.
1894 - Governor
Davis H. Waite orders the
Colorado state militia to protect and support the miners engaged in the
Cripple Creek miners' strike.
1906 -
Paris Métro Line 5 is inaugurated with a first section from Place d'Italie to the
Gare d'Orléans (today known as Gare d'Austerlitz).
1912 - Eruption of
Novarupta in
Alaska begins. Second largest
volcanic eruption in historic time.
1918 -
Battle of Belleau Wood begins .
1925 - The
Chrysler Corporation is founded by
Walter Percy Chrysler.
1932 - The
Revenue Act of 1932 is enacted, creating the first
gas tax in the
United States, at a rate of 1 cent per
US gallon (1/4 ¢/L) sold.
1933 - The first
drive-in theater opens, in
Camden, New Jersey,
United States.
1934 -
New Deal:
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the
Securities Act of 1933 into law, establishing the
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
1939 - German
dictator Adolf Hitler gives a public address to returning German volunteers who fought as
Legion Kondor during the
Spanish Civil War.
1944 -
World War II:
Battle of Normandy begins.
D-Day, code named
Operation Overlord, commences with the landing of 155,000
Allied troops on the beaches of
Normandy in
France. The allied soldiers quickly break through the
Atlantic Wall and push inland in the largest amphibious
military operation in history.
1946 - The
Basketball Association of America is formed in
New York City.
1950 -
Turkey: The
Adhan in
Arabic is legalized.
1956 -
David Marshall,
Singapore's first Chief Minister, resigns.
1964 - Under a temporary order, the
rocket launches at Cuxhaven,
Germany, are terminated, though they never resume.
1966 -
James Meredith,
civil rights activist, is shot while trying to march across
Mississippi.
1968-
Don Drysdale,
Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher throws record sixth consecutive complete game shutout, a major league record.
1969 - The first
Internet connection was created when network control protocol packets were sent from the data port of one
IMP to another
1971 -
Soyuz program:
Soyuz 11 launches. 1971 - A
midair collision between a
Hughes Airwest Douglas DC-9 jetliner and a
U.S. Marine Corps McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II jet fighter near
Duarte, California claims 50 lives.
1974 - A new
Instrument of Government is promulgated making
Sweden a
parliamentary monarchy.
1981 - A passenger train travelling between
Mansi and
Saharsa,
India, jumps the tracks at a bridge crossing the
Bagmati river. The government places the official death toll at 268 plus another 300 missing; however, it is generally believed that the actual figure is closer to 1,000 killed.
1982 -
1982 Lebanon War begins: Forces under
Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade
southern Lebanon in their "
Operation Peace for the Galilee," eventually reaching as far north as the
capital Beirut.
1984 - The
Indian Army attacks the
Golden Temple in
Amritsar in an effort to flush out terrorists, following an order from
Indira Gandhi. Official casualties are 576 combatants killed and 335 wounded; independent observers estimate that thousands of unarmed
Sikh civilians are also killed in the crossfire.
1985 - The grave of "
Wolfgang Gerhard" is exhumed in
Embu,
Brazil; the remains found are later proven to be those of
Josef Mengele,
Auschwitz's "
Angel of Death". Mengele is thought to have drowned while swimming in
February 1979.
1990 -
U.S. District court judge
Jose Gonzales rules that the
rap album
As Nasty As They Wanna Be by the
2 Live Crew violates
Florida's obscenity law; he declares that the predominant subject matter of the record is "directed to the 'dirty' thoughts and the loins, not to the intellect and the mind."
1992 - Fantoft Stave Church in Bergen, Norway is burned down. The main suspect is
black metal musician
Varg Vikernes but in the trial for the arson he was proven not guilty.
1993 -
Mongolia holds its first direct presidential
elections.
1999 - At the Putim maximum security prison in
Brazil, 345 prisoners run from the main gate in the largest jailbreak in
Brazilian history, marking the 10th escape for the three-year-old facility. In the ensuing manhunt, two fugitives are killed and five innocent bystanders are accidentally jailed.
2002 -
Eastern Mediterranean Event. A
near-Earth asteroid estimated at 10 metres diameter explodes over the
Mediterranean Sea between
Greece and
Libya. The resulting explosion is estimated to have a force of 26
kilotons, slightly more powerful than the
Nagasaki atomic bomb.
2004 -
Tamil was established as a
Classical language by the President of India,
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam in a joint sitting of the two houses of the Indian Parliament.
2005 - the
United States Supreme Court votes to ban
medical marijuana in
Gonzales v. Raich.
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