Events1044 -
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, invades
Hungary and defeats a Magyar army at the
Battle of Ménfő.1253 -
Mindaugas is crowned king of
Lithuania.1348 -
Papal bull of
Pope Clement VI protecting Jews during the
Black Death.1415 -
Jan Hus is burned at the stake.1483 -
Richard III is crowned king of
England.1484 -
Portuguese sea captain
Diogo Cão finds the mouth of
Congo River.1495 -
First Italian War: Battle of Fornovo
Charles VIII defeats the
Holy League, but ultimately ends his
attempted conquest of Italy.
1535 -
Sir Thomas More, author of
Utopia and one time
Lord Chancellor of
England, is executed for treason by King
Henry VIII after refusing to agree to Henry's decision to separate the
English church from the
Roman Catholic church.1560 - The
Treaty of Edinburgh is signed by
Scotland and
England.1573 -
Córdoba, Argentina is founded by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera.
1609 -
Bohemia is granted
freedom of religion.
1630 -
Thirty-Years War: 4,000
Swedish troops under
Gustavus Adolphus land in
Pomerania,
Germany.
1777 -
American Revolutionary War:
Battle of Ticonderoga: Due to a bombardment by
British artillery under
General John Burgoyne,
American forces retreat from
Fort Ticonderoga,
New York.
1785 - The
dollar is unanimously chosen as the
monetary unit for the
United States.
1799 -
Ranjit Singh's 25,000 men start their march towards
Lahore.
1801 -
Battle of Algeciras: The
French navy are defeated by the
British Royal Navy.
1849 - Battle of Fredericia, Denmark, Danish Army under Generals Bülow and Rye beat the Army of Schleswig-Holstein, thereby keeping the Prussians from any victory over Denmark until 1864.
1854 - In
Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the
U.S. Republican Party is held.
1885 -
Louis Pasteur successfully tests his
vaccine against
rabies. The patient is
Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
1887 -
David Kalakaua, monarch of the
Kingdom of Hawaii, is forced at gunpoint, at the hands of
Americans, to sign the
Bayonet Constitution giving Americans more power in
Hawaii while stripping
Hawaiian citizens of their rights.
1892 -
Dadabhai Naoroji elected as first
Indian Member of Parliament in
Britain.1892 - 3,800
striking steelworkers engage in a day-long battle with
Pinkerton agents during the
Homestead Strike, leaving 10 dead and dozens wounded.
1893 - The small town of
Pomeroy, Iowa is nearly destroyed by a
tornado that kills 71 people and injures 200.
1905 -
Alfred Deakin becomes
Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.
1908 -
Robert Peary sets sail for the
Arctic on the expedition on which he later reaches the
North Pole.
1917 -
World War I:
Arabian troops led by
Lawrence of Arabia and
Auda ibu Tayi capture
Aqaba from the
Turks during the
Arab Revolt.
1919 - The
British dirigible R34 lands in
New York, completing the first crossing of the
Atlantic by an
airship.
1928 - The world's ten largest
hailstones fall in
Potter, Nebraska.
1933 - The first
Major League Baseball All-Star Game is played in
Chicago's
Comiskey Park. The
American League defeats the
National League, 4 to 2.
1939 -
Holocaust: The last remaining
Jewish enterprises in
Germany are closed.
1942 -
Anne Frank and her family went into hiding in the "
Secret Annexe" above her father's office in an
Amsterdam warehouse.
1944 - The
Hartford Circus Fire, one of
America's worst
fire disasters, kills approximately 168 people and injures over 700 in
Hartford, Connecticut.
1947 - The
AK-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union.
1957 -
Althea Gibson wins the
Wimbledon championships, becoming the first black athlete to do so.
1962 -
Sedan (nuclear test)1964 -
Malawi declares its independence from the
United Kingdom.
1966 -
Malawi becomes a
republic, with
Hastings Banda as the first
President.
1967 -
Biafran War:
Nigerian forces invade
Biafra, beginning the war.
1974 - The
radio program
A Prairie Home Companion makes its first live broadcast.
1975 - The
Comoros declare independence from
France.
1978 -
Yana Mintoff hurled horse manure onto the floor of the
British House of Commons.
1983 - Tony Blair gives his maiden speech in the
British Parliament.
1986 -
Davis Phinney became the first American cyclist to win a road stage of the
Tour de France.
1988 - The
Piper Alpha drilling platform in the
North Sea is destroyed by explosions and fires. 167 oil workers are killed, making it the world's worst offshore oil disaster.
1989 - The Israeli 405 Bus slaughter in which 14 bus passengers were killed as an
Arab assaulted the bus driver as the bus was driving by the edge of a cliff.
1999 - US Army private
Barry Winchell dies from baseball-bat injuries inflicted in his sleep the previous day by fellow soldiers for his relationship with
transgendered showgirl and former Navy combat medic,
Calpernia Addams.
2003 - The
Corsicans rejected a referendum for increased autonomy from
France by a very thin majority: 50.98 percent against, and 49.02 percent for.
2006 - The
Nathula Pass between
India and
China, sealed during the
Sino-Indian War, re-opens for trade after 44 years.
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