Events657 -
Battle of Siffin.811 -
Battle of Pliska;
Byzantine emperor Nicephorus I is slain, his heir
Stauracius is seriously wounded.920 - Rout of an alliance of Christian troops from
Navarre and
Léon against the Muslims at
Pamplona.
1139 -
Afonso, then a count, is proclaimed first king of
Portugal and declares independence from
Leon.1309 -
Henry VII is recognized
King of the Romans by
Pope Clement V.1469 -
Wars of the Roses:
Battle of Edgecote Moor - Pitting the forces of
Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick against those of
King Edward IV.1581 -
Plakkaat van Verlatinghe (Oath of Abjuration). The
declaration of independence of the northern
Low Countries from the
Spanish king,
Philip II.
1775 - The birth of what would later become the
United States Post Office Department was established by the
Second Continental Congress.
1788 -
New York ratifies the
United States Constitution and becomes the 11th state of the
United States.
1803 - The
Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world's first public
railway, opens in south
London.
1822 -
José de San Martín arrives in
Guayaquil,
Ecuador, to
meet with
Simón Bolívar.
1847 -
Liberia declares independence.
1861 -
American Civil War:
George B. McClellan assumes command of the
Army of the Potomac following a disastrous
Union defeat at the
First Battle of Bull Run.
1863 -
American Civil War:
Morgan's Raid ends - At
Salineville, Ohio,
Confederate cavalry leader
John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by
Union forces.
1878 - In
California, the
poet and
American West outlaw calling himself "
Black Bart" makes his last clean getaway when he steals a safe box from a
Wells Fargo stagecoach. The empty box will be found later with a taunting
poem inside.
1882 - Premiere of
Richard Wagner's
Parsifal at
Bayreuth.
1887 -
L. L. Zamenhof publishes
"Dr. Esperanto's International Language".
1891 - France annexes
Tahiti.
1908 -
United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issues an order to immediately staff the
Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the
Federal Bureau of Investigation).
1914 -
Serbia and
Bulgaria interrupt diplomatic relationship.
1934 - Assassination of Austrian Chancellor
Engelbert Dollfuss.
1936 - The
Axis Powers decide to intervene in the
Spanish Civil War.
1937 - End of the
Battle of Brunete in the Spanish Civil War.
1941 -
World War II: In response to the
Japanese occupation of
French Indo-China,
US President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the seizure of all Japanese assets in the
United States.
1944 -
World War II:
Soviet army enters
Lviv, major city of western
Ukraine, liberating it from the
Nazis. Only 300
Jewish survivors left, out of 160,000
Jews in
Lviv prior to
Nazi occupation.1944 - The first German
V-2 rocket hits Great Britain.
1945 -
The Labour Party wins the
United Kingdom general election of July 5 by a landslide, removing
Winston Churchill from power.
1945 - The
Potsdam Declaration is signed in
Potsdam,
Germany.
1947 -
Cold War: U.S. President
Harry S. Truman signs the
National Security Act into
United States law creating the
Central Intelligence Agency,
Department of Defense,
Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the
National Security Council.
1948 - U.S. President
Harry S. Truman signs
Executive Order 9981 desegregating the
military of the United States.
1948 -
André Marie becomes Prime Minister of
France.
1952 - King
Farouk of Egypt abdicates in favour of his son
Fuad.
1953 -
Fidel Castro leads an unsuccessful attack on the
Moncada Barracks, thus beginning the
Cuban Revolution.
1953 -
Arizona Governor
John Howard Pyle orders an anti-
polygamy law enforcement crackdown on residents of
Short Creek, Arizona, which becomes known as the
Short Creek Raid.
1956 - Following the
World Bank's decline to fund building the
Aswan High Dam,
Egyptian leader
Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalises the
Suez Canal sparking international condemnation.
1957 -
Carlos Castillo Armas, dictator of
Guatemala, is assassinated
1958 -
Explorer program:
Explorer 4 is launched.
1963 -
Syncom 2, the world's first
geosynchronous satellite, is launched from Cape Canaveral on a Delta B booster.
1963 -
Earthquake in
Skopje,
Republic of Macedonia (formerly part of
Yugoslavia) - 1100 dead
1963 - The
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development votes to admit
Japan.
1965 - Full independence was granted to the
Maldives.
1966 - Lord Gardiner issues the
Practice Statement in the
House of Lords stating that the House is not bound to follow its own previous
precedent.
1968 -
Vietnam War:
South Vietnamese opposition leader Truong Dinh Dzu is sentenced to five years
hard labor for advocating the formation of a
coalition government as a way to move toward an end to the
war.
1971 -
Apollo Program:
Apollo 15 Mission - Launch of Apollo 15.
1974 - Greek Prime Minister Constantin Caramanlis forms the country's first civil government after seven years of military rule.
1975 - Formation of a military triumvirate in
Portugal.
1977 - The National Assembly of
Quebec imposes the use of
French as the official language of the provincial government.
1989 - A federal
grand jury indicts
Cornell University student
Robert T. Morris, Jr. for releasing the
Morris worm, thus becoming the first person to be prosecuted under the
1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
1991 -
Paul Reubens, ("Peewee Herman"), is arrested in a Sarasota, Florida theater for exposing himself.
1993 - Italian Democrazia Cristian changes its name to
People's Party.
1994 - Russian President
Boris Yeltsin orders the removal of Russian troops from
Estonia.
2005 -
Space Shuttle program:
STS-114 Mission - Launch of
Discovery,
NASA's first scheduled flight mission after the
Columbia Disaster in
2003.
2005 -
Mumbai,
India receives
99.5cm of rain within 24 hours, bringing the city to a halt for over 2 days.
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