Events514 -
Pope Hormisdas assumes the papacy of the
Roman Catholic Church.1304 -
Wars of Scottish Independence:
Fall of Stirling Castle -
King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold of the war.1402 - Ottoman-Timurid Wars:
Battle of Ankara -
Timur, ruler of
Timurid Empire, defeated forces of the
Ottoman Empire sultan
Bayezid I.1656 -
Swedish forces under the command of King
Charles X Gustav defeats the forces of the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw.
1712 - The
Riot Act takes effect in
Great Britain.
1738 -
North America: French explorer
Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de la Vérendrye reaches the western shore of
Lake Michigan.
1810 - Citizens of
Bogotá,
New Granada declare independence from
Spain.
1833 - An
anti-Mormon mob in
Independence, Missouri, destroys the
printing press for the
Book of Commandments.*
1861 -
American Civil War: The
Congress of the
Confederate States of America begins sitting in
Richmond, Virginia.
1864 - American Civil War:
Battle of Peachtree Creek - Near
Atlanta, Georgia,
Confederate forces led by
General John Bell Hood unsuccessfully attack
Union troops under
General William T. Sherman.
1866 -
Austro-Prussian War:
Battle of Lissa - The
Austrian Navy , led by
Admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, defeats the
Italian Navy near the island of
Vis in the
Adriatic Sea.
1871 -
British Columbia joins the confederation of
Canada.
1872 - The
US Patent Office awards the first
patent for
wireless telegraphy to
Mahlon Loomis.
1877 -
Rioting in
Baltimore, Maryland by
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers is put down by the state
militia, resulting in nine deaths.
1881 -
Indian Wars:
Sioux Chief Sitting Bull leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to
US troops at
Fort Buford,
North Dakota1885 -
The Football Association legalises
professionalism in
football under pressure from the
British Football Association.
1894 - The troops sent by
Grover Cleveland to
Chicago to end the
Pullman Strike are recalled.
1903 -
Ford Motor Company shipped its first car.
1907 - A
train wreck on the
Pere Marquette Railroad near
Salem, Michigan kills thirty and injures seventy more.
1916 -
World War I: In
Armenia, Russian troops capture Gumiskhanek.1916 - American
cricketer,
John Barton King plays his last match for the
Philadelphian cricket team1917 - World War I: The
Corfu Declaration, which leads to the creation of the post-
war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.
1918 -
World War I:
German troops cross the
Marne.
1921 -
Air mail service begins between
New York City and
San Francisco.1921 - Congresswoman
Alice Mary Robertson became the first woman to preside over the
US House of Representatives.
1922 - The
League of Nations awards mandates of
Togoland to
France and
Tanganyika to the
United Kingdom.
1924 -
Teheran,
Persia comes under
martial law after the American vice
consul, Robert Imbrie, is killed by a religious mob enraged by rumors he had poisoned a fountain and killed several people.
1926 - A convention of the
Methodist Church votes to allow women to become priests.
1928 - The government of
Hungary issues a decree ordering
Gypsies to end their nomadic ways, settle permanently in one place, and subject themselves to the same laws and taxes as other Hungarians.
1929 -
Soviet troops attempt to cross the
Amur River into
Manchuria near
Blagoveschensk as tensions mount between the
Soviet Union and the
Republic of China.
1932 - In
Washington, D.C., police fire
tear gas on
World War I veterans part of the
Bonus Expeditionary Force who attempt to march to the
White House.1932 - Crowds in the capitals of
Bolivia and
Paraguay demand their governments declare war on the other after fighting on their border.
1933 -
Vice-Chancellor of Germany Franz von Papen and
Vatican Cardinal
Eugenio Pacelli sign a
concordat on behalf of their respective nations.1933 - In
London, 500,000 march against
anti-Semitism.1933 -
Germany: Two-hundred
Jewish merchants are arrested in
Nuremberg and paraded through the streets.
1934 - Labor unrest in the US, as police in
Minneapolis fire upon striking
truck drivers, wounding fifty;
Seattle police led by the mayor police fire
tear gas on and club 2,000 striking
longshoremen, and the
governor of Oregon calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the
Portland docks.
1935 -
Switzerland: A
Royal Dutch Airlines plane en route from
Milan to
Frankfurt crashes into a Swiss mountain, killing thirteen.1935 - Riots between
Muslims and
Sikhs over a mosque in
Lahore,
India leave eleven dead.
1936 - The
Montreux Convention is signed in
Switzerland, authorizing
Turkey to fortify the
Dardanelles and
Bosphorus but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
1937 - Two black men accused of stabbing a policeman are taken by a mob from the county jail in
Tallahassee, Florida and
lynched.
1938 - The
Justice Department files suit in
New York City against the
motion picture industry charging violations of
anti-trust law. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in
1948.
1940 -
Denmark leaves the
League of Nations.1940 - US President
Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the
Hatch Act of 1939, limiting political activity by Federal government employees.
1941 -
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the
NKVD and names
Lavrenti Beria its chief.
1942 -
World War II:
Red Army troops take
bridgeheads over the
Don River near
Voronezh.1942 - World War II: The first unit of the
Women's Army Corps begins training in
Des Moines, Iowa.
1943 - World War II: American and Canadian troops conquer
Enna on
Sicily.
1944 - World War II:
Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt (known as the
July 20 Plot) led by German Army Colonel
Claus von Stauffenberg.1944 - World War II: American troops land on
Guam near
Port Apra.1944 - Fifty are hurt in rioting in front of the
presidential palace in
Mexico City.
1945 - The
US Congress approves the
Bretton Woods Agreement.
1946 - World War II: The
US Congress's Pearl Harbor Committee says
Franklin D. Roosevelt was completely blameless for the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and calls for a unified command structure in the armed forces.
1947 - Police in
Burma arrest former Prime Minister
U Saw and 19 others on charges of assassinating Prime Minister
U Aung San and seven members of his cabinet.1947 - The
Viceroy of India says the people of the
Northwest Frontier Province overwhelmingly voted the previous day to join
Pakistan rather than
India.
1948 - US President
Harry S. Truman issues a peacetime
military draft in the
US amid increasing tensions with the
Soviet Union.1948 - In
New York City, twelve leaders of the
Communist Party USA are indicted under the
Smith Act including
William Z. Foster and
Gus Hall.
1949 -
Israel and
Syria sign a truce to end their nineteen-month war.
1950 -
Cold War: In
Philadelphia,
Harry Gold pleads guilty to spying for the
Soviet Union by passing secrets from atomic scientist
Klaus Fuchs.
1951 - King
Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated by a Palestinian while attending Friday prayers in
Jerusalem.
1953 - The
United Nations Economic and Social Council votes to make
UNICEF a permanent agency.
1954 -
Germany:
Otto John, head of
West Germany's secret service, defects to
East Germany.1954 - At
Geneva, Switzerland, an
armistice is signed that ends fighting in
Vietnam and divides the country along the 17th
parallel.
1958 - Twenty-six are dead in an explosion at a military base near Kokin Breg,
Yugoslavia.
1959 - The
Organization for European Economic Cooperation admits
Spain.
1960 - Ceylon (now
Sri Lanka) elects
Sirimavo Bandaranaike Prime Minister, the world's first elected female head of government.1960 - The
Polaris missile is successfully launched from a submarine, the
USS George Washington, for the first time.1960 -
Belgium defends its intervention in the
Congo to the
United Nations Security Council while the government of the Congo appeals to the
Soviet Union to send troops to push back the Belgians. The governments of the
US and
France and the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization warn the Soviets to stay out of the dispute.1960 - The head of the
Physics Department at the
Israel Institute of Technology, Kurt Sitte, is arrested for
espionage.
1961 -
French military forces break the
Tunisian siege of
Bizerte.
1962 -
Earthquakes in
Colombia kill 40.
1964 -
Vietnam War:
Viet Cong forces attack the capital of Dinh Tuong Province,
Cai Be, killing 11
South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).
1965 - In
Hayneville, Alabama, two
civil rights protesters, one a priest and the other a
seminarian, are shot by a deputy sheriff. The seminarian dies of his wounds.1965 -
Turkish prime minister
Suat Hayri Urguplu returns from a visit to
Moscow and announces the
Soviet Union will provide aid to his country.
1969 -
Apollo Program:
Apollo 11successfully lands the first man on the
Moon.1969 - Cease fire announced between
Honduras and
El Salvador, 6 days after the beginning of the "
Football War"1971 - The
Soviet Union says it will support the
People's Republic of China's admission to the
United Nations1973 - The
US Senate passes the
War Powers Act.1973 - Vietnam War: In testimony by Assistant Secretary of Defense Jerry Friedheim to the
US Senate Committee on Armed Services, the
US Defense Department admits it lied to
US Congress about bombing
Cambodia .1973 - Seventy-three government officials and military officers are charged with conspiracy to overthrow the
Greek government.1973 -
Palestianian terrorists hijack a
Japan Airlines jet en route from
Amsterdam to
Japan and force it down in
Dubai.1973 - First coast-to-coast black-owned and operated radio network: The
National Black Network (NBN) begins operations.
1974 - Turkish occupation of Cyprus: Forces from
Turkey invade
Cyprus after a "coup d' etat", organised by the dictator of Greece, against president Makarios.
NATO's Council praises the
US and the
United Kingdom for attempts to settle the dispute.
Syria and
Egypt put their militaries on alert.
1975 -
India expels three reporters from
The Times,
The Daily Telegraph, and
Newsweek because they refused to sign a pledge to abide by government censorship.
1976 - The
Viking 1 lander successfully lands on
Mars.1976 - Vietnam War: The US military completes its troop withdrawal from
Thailand.
1977 -
Johnstown is hit by a
flash flood that kills eighty and causes $350 million in damage.1977 - The
Central Intelligence Agency releases documents under the
Freedom of Information Act revealing it had engaged in
mind control experiments.
1980 - The
United Nations Security Council votes 14-0 that member states should not recognise
Jerusalem as the capital of
Israel.
1982 -
Hyde Park and Regents Park bombings: The
Provisional IRA detonates two
bombs in
Hyde Park and
Regents Park in central
London, killing eight soldiers, wounding forty-seven people, and leading to the deaths of seven horses.
1983 - The
Israeli cabinet votes to withdraw troops from
Beirut but to remain in southern
Lebanon.
1984 - Officials of the
Miss America pageant ask
Vanessa Lynn Williams to quit after
Penthouse published nude photos of her.
1985 - The government of
Aruba passes legislation to secede from the
Netherlands Antilles.
1986 - In
South Africa, police fire
tear gas into a church service for families of those held under the government's emergency decrees.1986 - In
Cambridge,
Gerald Amirault of the
Fells Acres Day Care Center is convicted of molesting nine children.
1987 - , condemning the
Iran-Iraq War and demanding cease-fire, is unanimously adopted.
1989 -
Photographer Robert Mapplethorpe's show opens at
Washington, D.C.'s Project for the Arts after the
Smithsonian Institution's
Corcoran Gallery cancels it.1989 -
Burma's ruling junta puts opposition leader
Daw Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest.
1990 -
Haiti asks the
US to send observers to monitor its upcoming elections.1990 - A
Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb explodes at the International Stock Exchange in
London.
1992 -
Václav Havel resigns as president of
Czechoslovakia.1992 - A
TU-154 cargo plane crashes in the suburbs of
Tbilisi,
Georgia, killing forty.
1994 -
Israel's
Shimon Peres visits
Jordan, the highest ranking Israeli official to do so1994 -
Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9's Fragment Q1 hits
Jupiter.
1995 - The Regents of the
University of California vote to end all
affirmative action in the UC system by
1997.
1996 - In
Spain, an
ETA bomb at an
airport kills 35
1998 - Two hundred aid workers from
CARE International,
Doctors Without Borders and other aid groups leave
Afghanistan on orders of the
Taliban.
1999 -
Falun Gong is officially banned and defined as an "
evil cult" (xiejiao) by the Chinese government, and a large-scale persecution of its practitioners is launched.
2000 - The leaders of
Salt Lake City's
bid to win the
2002 Winter Olympics are indicted by a federal
grand jury for
bribery,
fraud, and
racketeering.2000 - In
Zimbabwe, Parliament opens its new session and seats opposition members for the first time in a decade.2000 - Terrorist
Carlos the Jackal sues
France in the
European Court of Human Rights for allegedly torturing him.
2001 - The
London Stock Exchange goes public.2001 -
Italy: The 27th Annual
G8 summit opens in
Genoa. An Italian protester in Genoa,
Carlo Giuliani, is shot by police.
2002 -
South America: A fire in a
discotheque in
Lima, Peru kills over twenty-five.
2003 -
Richard Sambrook, the Director of
BBC News, reveals that
David Kelly was the source of claims that
Downing Street had "sexed up" the "
Dodgy Dossier".2003 -
France: Sixteen people are injured after two
bombs explode outside a tax office in
Nice.
2005 -
Canada becomes the fourth country in the world to legalise
same-sex marriage, after the bill
C-38 receives its
Royal Assent.
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