July 18

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July 18
Events390 BC - Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia - A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome.64 - Great fire of Rome: A fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control while Emperor Nero reportedly plays his lyre and sings while watching the blaze from a safe distance.1195 - Battle of Alarcos, great victory of Almohad ruler Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur over the Castilian King Alfonso VIII.1536 - The authority of the Pope is declared void in England.1656 - Polish-Lithuanian forces clashes with Sweden and its Brandenburg allies in the start of what is to be known as The Battle of Warsaw which ends in a decisive Swedish victory. 1830 - Uruguay adopts its first constitution.1857 - Louis FaidherbeFrench governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war on the French.1861 - American Civil War: Skirmish at Blackburn's Ford prior to First Battle of Bull Run(1st Battle of Manassas).1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Fort Wagner/Morris Island - The first formal African American military unit, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, unsuccessfully assaults Confederate-held Battery Wagner but their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers during the war.1872 - The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland introduces voting by secret ballot.1873 - Oscar II of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim.1898 - Marie and Pierre Curie announce the discovery of a new element and proposed to call it polonium.1914 - The U.S. Congress forms the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, this gives definite status to aircraft within the U.S. Army for the first time.1925 - Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf.1932 - The United States and Canada signed a treaty to develop the Saint Lawrence Seaway.1936 - Spanish Civil War: The rebellion reaches peninsular Spain and conquers Galicia, west Castile, west Andalucia and Aragon.1938 - Douglas "Wrong Way" Corrigan arrives in Ireland.1940 - Democratic National ConventionChicagoPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt is nominated for an unprecedented third term in office.1942 - World War II: The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jets for the first time.1944 - World War II: Hideki Tojo resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort.1947 - President Harry S. Truman signs the Presidential Succession Act into law which places the Speaker of the House and the Senate President Pro Tempore next in the line of succession after the United States Vice President1953 - Rock star Elvis Presley made his first recording in Sun Studios.1965 - Zond 3 launched.1966 - Gemini 10 launched.1968 - Vietnam War: The two-day Honolulu Conference begins in Honolulu, Hawaii between US President Lyndon B. Johnson and South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu.1969 - After a party on Chappaquiddick IslandSenator Ted Kennedy from Massachusetts drives an Oldsmobile off a wooden bridge into a tide-swept pond and his passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne, dies.1976 - Gymnast Nadia Comaneci, age 14, scores first ever perfect 10 at the Olympics.1977 - Vietnam joins the United Nations.1982 - 268 campesinos ("peasants" or "country people") are slain in the Plan de Sánchez massacre in Ríos Montt's Guatemala.1984 - McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California: In a fast-food restaurant, James Oliver Huberty opens fire, killing 21 people and injuring 19 others before being shot dead by police.1986 - A tornado is broadcast live on KARE television in Minnesota when the station's helicopter pilot makes a chance encounter.1989 - Actress Rebecca Schaeffer is shot by a crazed fan, prompting California to pass America's first anti-stalking law in 1990.1992 - The ten victims of the La Cantuta massacre disappeared from their university in Lima.1994 - AMIA Bombing: An explosion in Buenos Aires destroys a building housing several Jewish organizations, killing 85 and injuring many more.1995 - On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufriere Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital and forcing most of the population to flee.1996 - Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River, beginning one of Québec's costliest natural disasters ever.1996 - In an event very similar to the Oklahoma tornado that would occur three years later, an F5 tornado hit the town of Oakfield, Wisconsin.1997 - 8000 low-caste Indians riot in Mumbai (Bombay) following a funeral for 10 children who had been killed by police.1998 - A 23-foot tidal wave kills nearly 3,000 people in Papua New Guinea.2001 - In Baltimore, Maryland, a 60-car train derails in a tunnel, sparking a fire that lasted for days and virtually brought downtown Baltimore to a standstill.2007 - An underground steam pipe exploded in midtown Manhattan, killing 1 person and injuring at least 40.
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