Events 1191 -
Saladin's garrison surrenders, ending the two-year
siege of Acre.
Conrad of Montferrat, who has negotiated the surrender, raises the banners of the
Kingdom of Jerusalem and of the
Third Crusade leaders
Richard I of England,
Philip II of France, and
Leopold V of Austria on the city's walls and towers.1543 - King
Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife,
Catherine Parr at
Hampton Court Palace.1573 -
Spanish forces under the
Duke of Alba capture
Haarlem after a seven month siege.
1580 -
Ostrog Bible, the first printed
Bible in a
Slavic language, is published.1690 -
Battle of the Boyne (
Gregorian calendar) - The armies of
William III defeat those of the former
James II.
1691 -
Battle of Aughrim (
Julian calendar) - The decisive victory of
William's forces in
Ireland.
1759 -
Seven Years' War -
French and Indian War:
British cannons start firing on
French at
Quebec City, from
Lévis, Quebec.
1790 - The
Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed in France by the
National Assembly.
1804 - Former
United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies after being shot in the
duel.
1806 - Sixteen
German imperial states leave the
Holy Roman Empire and form the
Confederation of the Rhine.
1812 -
War of 1812: The
United States invade
Canada at
Windsor, Ontario.
1862 -
Medal of Honor authorized by the
United States Congress.
1892 - A hidden lake bursts out of a glacier on the side of
Mont Blanc, flooding the valley below and killing around 200 villagers and holidaymakers in [Saint-Gervais-les-Bains|Saint Gervais].
1916 -
Matawan Creek,
New Jersey attacks, a
bull shark swam 15 miles upstream and attacked three people, killing two.
1932 -
Lambeth Bridge,
London, opened by King
George V of the United Kingdom.1932 -
Hedley Verity establishes a
first-class record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against
Nottinghamshire on a pitch affected by a storm.
1933 - The
United States Congress passes the first federal
minimum wage law in the
United States: 33 cents per hour.
1942 - Tragedy in village Podhum, near
Rijeka. Italian fascists shot 91 men aged from 15 to 60 years, took 889 people to concentration camps, burned 515 buildings, and took all cattle from the village. Although the perpetrators of this crime were known, they were never prosecuted.
1943 -
World War II:
Battle of Prokhorovka -
German and
Soviet forces engage in largest
tank engagement of all time.
1950 -
René Pleven becomes
Prime Minister of France.
1960 -
Orlyonok, the main
Young Pioneer camp of the
Russian SFSR, is founded.1960 -
Etch A Sketch, the drawing toy goes on sale.
1962 - the
Rolling Stones played their first gig at the Marquee club in London.
1967 - Six days of
race riots begin in
Newark, New Jersey that will claim the lives of 27 people.
1973 - A
fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the
National Personnel Records Center of the
United States.
1975 -
São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from
Portugal.
1979 - The island nation of
Kiribati declares independence from
Great Britain. 1979 - During a
double-header between the
Chicago White Sox and the
Detroit Tigers, riots occurred at
Comiskey Park to what became known as
Disco Demolition Night.
1993 - A
magnitude 7.8
earthquake off the shore of
Hokkaidō,
Japan launches a devastating
tsunami, killing 202 on the small island of
Okushiri.
1998 - The French National team win the FIFA football world cup by beating Brazil 3-0.
2002 -
Gay rights: The
Superior Court of
Ontario orders
Ontario to recognize
same-sex marriages.
2004 -
Pedro Santana Lopes is officially appointed
Prime Minister of Portugal.
2005 -
Prince Albert II is enthroned as ruler of the
Principality of Monaco.
2006 -
Hezbollah initiates
Operation True Promise.
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12. Juli
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