João Gonçalves Zarco, later João Gonçalves Zarco da Câmara de Lobos or simply João Gonçalves Zarco da Câmara (c.
Leça da Palmeira (or
Tomar) 1390-1467,
Funchal),
pron. , was a
Portuguese navigator and explorer who discovered the
Madeira Islands.Zarco (from the Arabic "zarka", which means "blue eyed") was a nobleman, some argue of
Jewish converso origin. He was a Knight Nobleman in the service of Prince
Henry the Navigator's household. In his service still at a very young age Zarco commanded the caravels guarding the coast of
Algarve from the incursions of the
Moors, was at the conquest of
Ceuta, where he was hit in one eye by a short arrow while covering for him master (which caused him to suffer from short eyesight, for which reason it is said he established at
Funchal because of the medicinal plant funcho (
fennel) existing there and which gave the name to the city), and later led the fleet that discovered the island of
Porto Santo (1418/1419) and afterwards, rumor has it, purely by coincidence, the island of
Madeira (1419/1420). He took his new last name from the first place he arrived on the Island,
Câmara de Lobos. He was granted, as hereditary fief (
Capitania), half the Island of
Madeira (the Donatary
Capitania of
Funchal, being its first Donatary Captain). Also, together with his fellow fleet commanders,
Tristão Vaz Teixeira and
Bartolomeu Perestrelo, he started the colonization of the islands in 1425. In his role of noble of Prince Henry the Navigator's house he participated in the failure
siege of
Tangier, in 1437. The date of death of João Gonçalves Zarco is uncertain, at the second half of the
15th century, but most people agree on 1467.
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João Gonçalves Zarco (* um 1380; † um 1467 auf
Madeira) ist ein
portugiesischer Seefahrer und gilt als der Wiederentdecker
Madeiras.Als Geburtsjahr findet sich auch 1392, als Todesjahre werden auch die Jahre 1465 und 1469 angegeben.Um 1430 heiratete João Gonçalves Zarco Constança Rodrigues. Einige ihrer acht Kinder heirateten in Familien des portugiesischen Hochadels ein. Später führte die Familie den durch
Heinrich dem Seefahrer verliehenen Namen „Câmara de Lobos“ bzw. nur „Câmara“.
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João Gonçalves Zarco (
Leça da Palmeira (ou
Tomar)
1394 —
1467,
Funchal) foi um navegador e fidalgo português da Casa do
Infante D. Henrique. Comandante de
barcas, descobriu a ilha de
Porto Santo (
1418), com
Tristão Vaz Teixeira; depois a
ilha da Madeira, com
Bartolomeu Perestrelo (
1419).Neto do Vedor da Fazenda de
D. João I (1385-1433), João Afonso, foi armado
cavaleiro pelo próprio Infante D. Henrique, a cujo lado combateu na
tomada de Ceuta. Zarco não era, realmente, o seu apelido de família, e sim uma alcunha, derivada, segundo a lição etimológica de
José Pedro Machado, da expressão árabe zarka, que pode ser interpretada como aquele que tem olhos azuis. Tem igualmente o sentido de zarolho.
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