Events 475 -
Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at
Constantinople.1349 - The Jewish population of
Basel,
Switzerland, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing
bubonic plague, is rounded up and incinerated.1431 - Judges' investigations for the trial of
Joan of Arc begin in
Rouen, France, the seat of the English occupation government.
1760 -
Afghans defeat
Marathas in Battle of Barari Ghat.
1768 -
Philip Astley stages the first modern
circus (
London).
1788 -
Connecticut becomes the fifth state to join the
United States.
1793 -
Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a
balloon in the
United States.
1799 - British Prime Minister
William Pitt introduces
income tax to raise funds for the war against
Napoleon.
1806 -
Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson receives a
state funeral and is interred at
St Paul's Cathedral.
1816 - Sir
Humphry Davy tests the
Davy lamp for Miners at
Hebburn Colliery.
1822 - The Portuguese prince
Pedro I of Brazil decides to stay in
Brazil against the orders of the Portuguese king
João VI, starting the Brazilian independence process.
1839 - The
French Academy of Sciences announces the
Daguerreotype photography process.
1857 - The
Fort Tejon earthquake of
California occurs, registering an estimated magnitude of 7.9.
1858 -
Anson Jones, the last President of the
Republic of Texas, commits suicide.
1861 -
American Civil War: The "
Star of the West" incident occurs near
Charleston, South Carolina. It is considered by some historians to be the "First Shots of the
American Civil War.")1861 -
Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the
American Civil War.
1863 - The first section of the
London Underground Railway opens -- between
Paddington and
Farringdon Street. 1863 -
American Civil War: the
Battle of Fort Hindman occurs in
Arkansas.
1878 -
Umberto I becomes
King of Italy.
1880 - The
Great Gale of 1880 devastates parts of
Oregon and
Washington with high wind and heavy snow.
1882 -
Oscar Wilde gives his first lecture on "The English Renaissance of Art" in
New York.
1894 -
New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first
battery-operated
telephone switchboard in
Lexington, Massachusetts.
1900 -
S.S. Lazio is founded in
Rome,
Italy.
1903 -
Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the famous
poet Alfred Tennyson, becomes the second
Governor-General of
Australia.
1905 - According to the
Julian Calendar which was used at the time,
Russian workers stage a march on the
Winter Palace that ends in the massacre by Tzarist troops known as
Bloody Sunday, setting off the
Russian Revolution of 1905.
1914 -
Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity Inc. was founded on the campus of
Howard University.
1916 - The
Ottoman Empire prevails in the
Battle of Çanakkale, as the last British troops are evacuated.
1917 -
World War I: the
Battle of Rafa occurs near the
Egyptian border with
Palestine.
1923 -
Juan de la Cierva makes the first
autogyro flight.
1929 -
The Seeing Eye is established in
Nashville, Tennessee, with the mission to train dogs for assisting the blind.
1941 - First flight of the
Avro Lancaster.
1945 - The
United States invades
Luzon in the
Philippines.
1947 - Elizabeth "Betty" Short, the
Black Dahlia last seen alive.
1951 -
United Nations headquarters officially opens in
New York City.
1964 -
Martyrs' Day: Several
Panamanian youths try to raise the Panamanian flag on the US-controlled
Panama Canal Zone, leading to fighting between US military and Panamanian civilians.
1972 -
RMS Queen Elizabeth is destroyed by fire in
Victoria Harbour,
Hong Kong.
1986 - After losing a patent battle with
Polaroid,
Kodak leaves the
instant camera business.
1991 - The
Soviets storm
Vilnius to stop
Lithuanian independence.
1997 - A
Comair Embraer 120 crashes during approach into
Detroit Metro Airport, killing 29 people.
2001 -
Shenzhou 2, an unmanned Chinese spacecraft, was launched.
2002 - The
United States Department of Justice announces it is going to pursue a criminal investigation of
Enron.
2003 -
Air Midwest Flight 5481 crashes into hangar on take off in Charlotte, NC. All 19 passengers and 2 crew dead.
2005 - The signing of the
Comprehensive Peace Agreement, commonly known as the Naivasha Agreement between the
Government of Sudan and the
Sudan People's Liberation Movement rebel group in
Naivasha, Kenya2005 -
Elections are held to replace
Yasser Arafat as head of the
Palestine Liberation Organization. He is succeeded by
Rawhi Fattouh.
2006 -
The Phantom of the Opera surpasses the record set by
Cats for the title of longest running show on
Broadway.
2007 - An
AerianTur-M Antonov An-26 crashes in
Balad,
Iraq. The
Islamic Army in Iraq claims to have shot it down.
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