The preceding day is December 31 of the previous year.January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Here a calendar year refers to the order in which the months are displayed,
January to
December. The first day of the medieval Julian year was usually a day other than January 1. This day was adopted as the first day of the
Julian year by some
European countries between 1522 and 1579 (that is, before the creation of the Gregorian calendar in 1582). See beginning of the year. The
British Empire (including its
American colonies) did not adopt the Gregorian calendar until 1752. This change can lead to dating confusion between
Old Style and New Style dates. The Gregorian calendar as promulgated in 1582 did not specify that January 1 was to be either
New Year's Day or the first day of its numbered year. Although England began its numbered year on
March 25 (
Lady Day) between the thirteenth century and 1752, January 1 was called New Year's Day, which was a holiday when gifts were exchanged.
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1. Januar
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