James II (
14 October 1633 –
16 September 1701) became
King of England,
King of Scots, and
King of Ireland on
6 February 1685. He was the last
Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of
Scotland,
England, and
Ireland. Many of his subjects distrusted his religious policies and autocratic tendencies, leading a group of them to depose him in the
Glorious Revolution in 1688. He was replaced not by his Roman Catholic son,
James Francis Edward, but by his Protestant daughter and son-in-law,
Mary II and
William III, who became joint rulers in 1689. James made one serious attempt to recover his crowns, when he landed in Ireland in 1689. After his defeat at the
Battle of the Boyne in the summer of 1690, James returned to
France, living out the rest of his life under the protection of his cousin and ally,
King Louis XIV.
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