Indian literature is generally acknowledged as one of the oldest in the world. India has 22 officially recognized
languages, and a huge variety of literature has been produced in these languages over the years. In Indian literature,
oral and written forms are both important.
Hindu literary traditions dominate a large part of Indian culture. Apart from the
Vedas which are a sacred form of knowledge, there are other works such as the Hindu
epics Ramayana and
Mahabharata, treatises such as
Vaastu Shastra in architecture and town planning, and
Arthashastra in political science. Devotional Hindu drama, poetry and songs span the subcontinent. Among the best known are the works of
Kalidasa (writer of the famed Sanskrit play
Recognition of Shakuntala) and
Tulsidas (who wrote an epic Hindi poem based on the Ramayana, called
Raamcharitmaanas). Tamil poetry of the Sangam poetry which dates back to 1st century BC is well renowned. Muslim literary traditions also dominate a large part of Indian culture. In the medieval period, during which time India was mostly under Muslim rule, Indian Muslim literature flourished, most notably in the
Persian and
Urdu poetry. Among contemporary Indian literature Bengali poet
Rabindranath Tagore became India's first Nobel laureate. So far India's highest literary honor, the
Jnanpith awards, has been conferred seven times upon
Kannada writers, which is the highest for any language in India.
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La littérature indienne serait la plus ancienne au monde. L'
Inde comptant officiellement 17
langues, une grande quantité d'œuvres a été produite, dans ces différentes langues, au fil du temps. Les formes orale et écrite sont aussi importantes l'une que l'autre.
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