The Russian Empire (
Pre-reform Russian: Pоссiйская Имперiя,
Modern Russian: Российская империя,
translit: Rossiyskaya Imperiya) was a state that existed from 1721 until the
Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the
Tsardom of Russia, and the predecessor of the
Soviet Union. It was
one of the largest empires the world had seen. At one point in 1866, it stretched from eastern
Europe, across northern
Asia, and into
North America. At the beginning of the 19th century,
Russia was the largest country in the world, extending from the
Arctic Ocean to the north to the
Black Sea on the south, from the
Baltic Sea on the west to the
Pacific Ocean on the east. Across this vast realm were scattered the
Tsar's 150 million subjects, from poor, illiterate peasants to the noble families of great wealth. Its government, ruled by the Tsar, was one of the last
absolute monarchies left in Europe.
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