Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is one of the first
cytokines ever described. Its initial discovery was as a factor that could induce
fever, control
lymphocytes, increase the number of
bone marrow cells and cause degeneration of bone joints. At this time, IL-1 was known under several other names including endogenous
pyrogen, lymphocyte activating factor, haemopoetin-1 and mononuclear cell factor, amongst others. It was around 1984-1985 when scientists confirmed that IL-1 was actually composed of two distinct proteins, now called IL-1α and IL-1β. These belong to a family of
cytokines known as the interleukin-1 superfamily.
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IL-1. A type of biological response modifier that stimulates immune system cells that fight disease, and is involved in inflammatory responses. There are two forms of IL-1, IL-1 alfa and IL-1 beta. Both forms of IL-1 are produced by the body, and can also be made in the laboratory.
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