Field Marshal Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco,
pron. , (
September 20,
1897 -
July 18,
1967). Brazilian military leader and politician. Castello Branco entered the
Brazilian Army in
1918 and was a colonel in the
Brazilian Expeditionary Force during
World War II. Appointed Chief of Staff of the Army by President
João Goulart in 1963, he became one of the leaders of the
coup d'etat of
March 31,
1964 that overthrew Goulart. Elected president by the Congress, he took oath in
April 15,
1964 and served until
March 15,
1967. During his term, Castello Branco dismantled the left wing of Congress, abolished all the parties, and replaced them with only two: the government's party called the "
National Renewal Alliance Party" (ARENA) and the opposition's "
Brazilian Democratic Movement" (MDB). He promoted economic interventions (e.g. shutting down by decree the country's flag carrier,
Panair do Brasil) and tributary reforms, and was succeeded by his war minister Marshal
Artur da Costa e Silva. Shortly after leaving the presidency, he died in an
air crash near
Fortaleza.
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