Hispania was the name given by the
Romans to the whole of the
Iberian Peninsula (modern
Portugal,
Spain,
Andorra,
Gibraltar and a very small southern part of
France). When Rome was a
republic, Hispania was divided into
two provinces:
Hispania Citerior and
Hispania Ulterior. During the
Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces,
Baetica and
Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed
Tarraconensis. Subsequently, the western part of Tarraconensis was split off, first as Hispania Nova, later renamed Callaecia (or
Gallaecia, whence modern
Galicia). From Diocletian's
Tetrarchy (AD 284) onwards, the south of remaining Tarraconensis was again split off as Carthaginiensis, and probably then too the
Balearic Islands and all the resulting provinces formed one
civil diocese under the
vicarius for the Hispaniae (that is, the
Celtic provinces).
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