Herstatt risk

Settlement risk is the risk that a counterparty does not deliver a security or its value in cash as per agreement when the security was traded after the other counterparty or counterparties have already delivered security or cash value as per the trade agreement.One form of settlement risk is so-called Herstatt risk, which is the settlement risk resulting from different legs of a transaction settling in different time zones (or more generally, in different settlement systems where netting is not possible). Herstatt risk exists primarily (but not exclusively) in foreign exchange transactions and cross-currency swap transaction.
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The risk of loss in foreign exchange trading that one party will deliver foreign exchange but the counterparty financial institution will fail to deliver its end of the contract. It is also referred to as settlement risk.