Hepadnaviruses are a family of
viruses which can cause
liver infections in humans and animals. There are two recognized genera:Genus Orthohepadnavirus; type species:
Hepatitis B virusGenus
Avihepadnavirus; type species:
Duck hepatitis B virus Hepadnaviruses have very small
genomes of partially double-stranded, partially single stranded circular
DNA. The genome consists of two uneven strands of DNA. One has a negative-sense orientation, and the other, shorter, strand has a positive-sense orientation. As it is a group 7 virus, replication involves an
RNA intermediate. Three main
open reading frames are encoded (ORFs) and the virus has four known genes which encode the core protein, the virus
polymerase, surface
antigens (preS1, preS2, and S) and the X protein. The X protein is thought to be non-structural; however, its function and significance are poorly understood.
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