Henry Norris Russell (
October 25,
1877 –
February 18,
1957) was an
American astronomer who, along with
Ejnar Hertzsprung, developed the
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (
1910). In 1923, working with Frederick Saunders, he developed RS coupling which is also known as
LS coupling.He co-wrote an influential two-volume textbook in
1927 with
Raymond Smith Dugan and
John Quincy Stewart: Astronomy: A Revision of Young’s Manual of Astronomy (Ginn & Co., Boston, 1926–27, 1938, 1945). This became the standard astronomy textbook for about two decades. There were two volumes: the first was The Solar System and the second was Astrophysics and Stellar Astronomy. The textbook popularized the idea that a star's properties (radius, surface temperature,
luminosity, etc.) were largely determined by the star's mass and chemical composition, which became known as the Vogt-Russell Theorem (including Hermann Vogt who independently discovered the result). Since a star's chemical composition gradually changes with age (usually in a non-homogeneous fashion),
stellar evolution results.
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