The Hellenistic period (4th - 1st century BC) is a period in the times in world history
history of the Mediterranean region usually considered to stretch from the death of
Alexander the Great to the defeat of
Cleopatra. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decline or decadence, between the brilliance of the Greek
Classical Era and the strength of the
Roman Empire, and is therefore often neglected by scholars. However, the splendor of cities, such as
Alexandria,
Antioch,
Pergamon, the importance of foreign trade, cultural exchanges, and the dominant role of
Greek and its diffusion profoundly affected the face of the
ancient Near East later under Roman dominion.
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