Han Zhao

The Han Zhao ( ; ; ; 304-329) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Chinese Jin Dynasty (265-420). It represented two state titles, the Han state (漢, pinyin Hàn) proclaimed in 304 by Liu Yuan and the Former Zhao state (前趙, pinyin Qiánzhào) in 319 by Liu Yao. (The reason it was referred to as Former Zhao was that when its powerful general Shi Le broke away and formed his own state in 319, he named it Zhao as well, and so Shi Le's state was referred to as Later Zhao.) Since they were both ruled by the partially sinicized Xiongnu Liu family, scholars with Chinese backgrounds often combined them into a single Han Zhao state. Numerous western texts referred to the two states separately; others referred to the Han state as the Northern Han (北漢), a nomenclature in diminishing use as the term now referring to the Northern Han in the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. However, the reference to them as separate should be considered clearly erroneous, given that when Liu Yao changed the name of the state from Han to Zhao in 319, he treated the state as having been continuous from the time that Liu Yuan founded it in 304; instead, he was discontinuing the connection to Han Dynasty and reclaiming ancestry from the great Xiongnu chanyu Maodun.
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Le Zhao antérieur était, avec l’État de Han, l’un des deux États constituant le Han Zhao (chinois simplifié: 汉赵, ; chinois traditionnel : 漢趙 ; Hanyu pinyin : Hànzhào) (304-329) pendant la période des Seize Royaumes de la Chine.
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Han-Zhao , auch die Frühere Zhao genannt, war der erste der zahlreichen chinesischen bzw. sinisierten Kleinstaaten während der Periode der Sechzehnkönigreiche. Er wurde im Jahre 304 von Liu Yuan  gegründet und ging 329 im Angriff der Späteren Zhao unter. Das Heimatgebiet der Han-Zhao war das heutige Provinz Shanxi, in ihrer größten Ausdehnung konnten sie ihren Machtbereich auf die heutige Provinz Henan ausdehnen.
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Северная Хань (Ранняя Чжао) — — одно из 16 варварских государств, возникших в IV после распада Северного Китая. Существовало в 304 г.—329 г.Государство Северная Хань было основано хуннским шаньюем (правителем) Лю Юанем (劉淵). Столицей стал город Пиньян. Во времена смут, сопровождавшей падение династии Восточная Хань, кочевые племена хунну переселились на юг китайской провинции Шаньси. По некоторым данным, их общая численность составляла около 30 тысяч кибиток; во всяком случае, хунну представляли тогда довольно серьёзную силу.
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Han Zhao (Çince: 漢趙 pinyin: Hànzhào veya 前趙 pinyin: Qiánzhào, Birinci Zhao; M.S.304-329), Çin tarihinde 'Beş Barbar Onaltı Krallık (Çince: 五胡十六國 wǔ hú shí liù guó ) döneminde Güney Hiung-nu'nun 19. tanhu'su olan Teçişi Tanhu (Çince: 持至屍逐就單于 chí zhì shī zhú jiù)'nun sülalesinden Yufuluo (欒提於夫羅 luándī yūfūluo)'nın torunlarından Jin Hanedanı'nca "Hiung-nu Beş boyu Büyük müfettişi" (五部大都督 wǔbù dàdōudū) görevine atanmış Liu Yuan (Çince: 劉淵 liú yuān) tarafından kurulmuş bir hanedan.
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