In legal parlance of a number of countries, an habitual offender has been defined as one who repeatedly commits the same crime. The legal provisions may impose specific
penalty on a legal offender, for example, a driver found to be driving repeatedly in a drunken state may be declared an habitual offender and may lose his
driving license.
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Recidivism (IPA: [ɹɪˈsɪdɪvɪzm̩]; from recidive + ism, from Latin recidīvus "recurring", from re- "back" + cadō "I fall") is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have either experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been treated or trained to extinguish that behavior. The term is most frequently used in conjunction with
substance abuse and
criminal behavior. For example, scientific literature may refer to the recidivism of
sexual offenders, meaning the frequency with which they are detected or apprehended committing additional sexual crimes after being released from prison for similar crimes. (If to be counted as recidivism the re-offending requires voluntary disclosure or arrest and conviction, the real recidivism rate may differ substantially from reported rates.) As another example, alcoholic recidivism might refer to the proportion of people who, after successful treatment by
Alcoholics Anonymous, report having, or are determined to have, returned to the abuse of
alcohol.
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