The human leukocyte antigen system (HLA) is the name of the human
major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This group of genes resides on
chromosome 6, and encodes cell-surface
antigen-presenting proteins and many other genes. The major HLA antigens are essential elements in immune function:Different classes have different functionsClass I antigens (A, B & C) - Present antigens that invade cells therefore aid in destroying the invaded cellsClass II antigens (DR, DP, & DQ) - Present antigens so that T-lymphocytes (T-cells) can determine if they should help antigen specific B-cells make more antibody to that antigen.In disease defenseIn reproduction - may be involved in mate selection.In cancer - May be protective or fail to protect. Agents of human disease:In autoimmunity - known to mediate many
autoimmune diseases. As antigens - responsible for organ transplant rejection.
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proteins located on the surface of the cell that help the immune system identify the cell either as one belonging to the body or as one from outside the body. Some patterns of these proteins may mean increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes.
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