Guinea is a traditional name for the region of
Africa that lies along the
Gulf of Guinea. It stretches north through the forested, tropical, regions and ends at the
Sahel. Historically, this region was one of the first parts of
sub-Saharan Africa to trade with Europeans. The extensive trade in
ivory,
gold, and
slaves made the region wealthy, with a number of centralized kingdoms developing in the 18th and 19th centuries. These were much smaller than the large states of the wide open Sahel, but they had far higher population densities and were more centralized and technologically advanced. These kingdoms meant that the region showed more resistance to European incursions than other areas of Africa. For that reason, combined with a
disease environment hostile to Europeans, much of Guinea was not colonized until the very end of the 19th century.
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