Goodness and evil

In religion, ethics, and philosophy, the phrase, good and evil refers to the evaluation of objects, desires, and behaviors across a dualistic spectrum, wherein in one direction are those aspects which are morally positive, and the other are morally negative. The good is sometimes viewed as whatever entails reverence towards either life, continuity, happiness, or human flourishing, while evil is given to be the support for their opposites. By definition good and evil are absolutes because any moral statement claims to be valid independently from who is making it and independently from any object the statement is referring to. For example, "Murder is morally wrong" claims to be an objective statement as it is not a statement regarding the subject making the statement. The statement also claims to be absolute because it implies that murder is bad in general as opposed to murder being morally wrong for one person and morally acceptable for another person. People who live their lives according to statements like these, no matter what the cost, are called idealists. However, extenuating circumstances have considerable force and it has often happened that someone who would not normally dream of committing murder feels obligated to do it, e.g., in order to save other lives. For the average person, morals are (admittedly strict) guidelines and not absolutely hard-and-fast rules. Whether this pragmatism is justified or not is a moral issue in itself.
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La bonté est une vertu appartenant au domaine de la morale.
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Unter dem Begriff des Guten werden im Allgemeinen die moralischen bzw. ethischen Werte verstanden, die es anzustreben gilt, die wünschenswert und richtig sind. Gegenbegriffe sind das Schlechte, das Übel und vor allem das Böse.Im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch bedeutet das Wort sowohl gut im moralischen Sinn, als auch gut im Sinne von qualitativer Hochwertigkeit. Es lassen sich also sowohl Begriffe wie Freundschaft, Ehrlichkeit, Treue und Fleiß wie auch Gesundheit, Kraft, Wohlstand und Schönheit als gut bezeichnen.
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Dobro - pojęcie abstrakcyjne będące przeciwieństwem zła. Jest elementarnym pojęciem moralnym, określającym pozytywną wartość wszelkich czynów i zachowań, którym zajmuje się dział filozofii zwany etyką. Pojęcie to, jest analizowane też przez psychologię, socjologię, ekonomię i inne nauki społeczne.
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Da un punto di vista generico, col termine di "bene" si indica tutto ciò che agli individui appare desiderabile e tale che possa essere considerato come fine ultimo da raggiungere nella propria esistenza. Spesso il concetto di bene si identifica con quello di "azione buona", come nell'espressione "fare del bene", equivalente a "compiere buone azioni", cioè azioni che rispondano a regole morali che ci si autoimpone, come nelle morali autonome, o che vengano indicate dall'esterno come leggi da osservare, come nelle morali eteronome.
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