GEOTHERMAL GRADIENT

The geothermal gradient is the rate of increase in temperature per unit depth in the Earth. It varies with location and is typically measured by determining the bottom open-hole temperature after the drilling of a borehole. To achieve accuracy the drilling fluid needs time to reach the ambient temperature. This is not always achievable for practical reasons. In stable tectonic areas in the tropics a temperature-depth plot will converge to the annual average surface temperature. However in areas where deep permafrost developed during the Pleistocene a low temperature anomaly can be observed that persists down to several hundred metres.[1] The Suwałki cold anomaly in Poland has led to the recognition that similar thermal disturbances related to Pleistocene-Holocene climatic changes are recorded in boreholes throughout Poland, as well as in Alaska, northern Canada, and Siberia.
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B: (Fisika) landai (gradien) geotermal; gradien (landai) panas-bumi
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