Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific
research, in the areas of both "hard"
science and
technology and
social science. The term often connotes funding obtained through a competitive process, in which potential research projects are evaluated and only the most promising receive funding. Such processes, which are run by government, corporations or foundations, allocate scarce funds. Total research funding in most
developed countries is between 1.5
nd 3% of
GDP; Sweden is the only country to exceed 4%.
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