Four Noble Truths

The Four Noble Truths (Pali: Cattāri ariyasaccāni, Sanskrit: Catvāri āryasatyāni, Chinese: Sìshèngdì, Thai: อริยสัจสี่, Ariyasaj Sii) are one of the most fundamental Buddhist teachings. They appear many times throughout the most ancient Buddhist texts, the Pali Canon. They are among the truths Gautama Buddha is said to have realized during his experience of enlightenment.
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Ariyasachcha ariyasacca (Pali) [from ariya noble, distinguished, of high birth + sachcha real, true] Noble truth; in the plural, the Four Noble Truths (chattari ariyasachchani) set forth by Gautama Buddha in his first sermon: 1) pain (duhkha); 2) cause, origin of pain (samudaya) is desire (panha); 3) destruction of desire eliminates pain (nirodha); and 4) the road or footpath (magga), the noble eightfold way (ariya atthangika magga). See also ARYASATYA (for Sanskrit equivalents)

Aryasatya (Sanskrit) [from arya holy, noble from the verbal root ri to move, arise, attain + satya true, real from the verbal root as to be] Noble truth; in the plural, the four great truths of Buddhism -- chatvari aryasatyani (Pali, chattari ariyasachchani):
1) duhkha -- life is suffering;
2) samudaya -- origin, cause, craving, egoistic desire (tanha) is the cause of suffering;
3) nirodha -- destruction, extinction of desire brings cessation of suffering; and
4) aryashtanga-marga -- the eightfold path leads to extinction of suffering.
See also ARIYASACHCHA (for Pali equivalents); ARIYA ATTHANGIKA-MAGGA ; ARYASHTANGA-MARGA 

The most basic statement of Buddhist belief:
(1) All is suffering (dukkha).
(2) Suffering is caused by desire.
(3) If one can eliminate desire, they can eliminate suffering.
(4) The Noble Eight-fold Path can eliminate desire.
To see how the Four Noble Truths are explained within Theravada Buddhism, click here.