The First Saudi State was established in the year
1744 (1157
A.H.) when Sheikh
Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab settled in
Diriyah and Prince
Muhammad ibn Saud (of Diriyah) agreed to support and espouse Wahhab's cause, with a view of cleansing the Islamic faith from what they considered to be distortions of Islamic practice (see
Wahhabism). The
House of Saud and its allies rose to become the dominant state in Arabia, first subduing
Nejd, then extending their influence over the eastern coast from
Kuwait down to the borders of
Oman. The Saudis also brought the highlands of
'Asir under their suzerainty, and their Wahhabi forces conducted raids on the frontiers of
Iraq and
Syria, culminating in the sacking of the
Shi'a holy city of
Karbala in
1801.
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