A fibre optic gyroscope (FOG) is a
gyroscope that uses the
interference of light to detect mechanical rotation. The sensor is a coil of as much as 5 km of
optical fiber. Two light beams travel along the fiber in opposite directions. Due to the
Sagnac effect, the beam traveling against the rotation experiences a slightly shorter path than the other beam. The resulting
phase shift affects how the beams interfere with each other when they are combined. The intensity of the combined beam then depends on the rotation rate of the device.
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