Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent is a historical
crescent-shape region in the
Middle East incorporating the
Levant,
Ancient Mesopotamia, and
Ancient Egypt. The term "Fertile Crescent" was coined by
University of Chicago archaeologist
James Henry Breasted.Watered by the
Nile,
Jordan,
Euphrates and
Tigris rivers and covering some 400-500,000 square kilometers, the region extends from the eastern shore of the
Mediterranean Sea around the north of the
Syrian Desert and through the
Jazirah and
Mesopotamia to the
Persian Gulf. These areas correspond to the present-day
Egypt,
Israel,
West Bank,
Gaza strip, and
Lebanon and parts of
Jordan,
Syria,
Iraq, south-eastern
Turkey and south-western
Iran. The population of the Nile River Basin is about 70 million, the Jordan River Basin about 20 million, and the Tigris and Euphrates Basins about 30 million, giving the present-day Fertile Crescent a total population of approximately 120 million, or at least a quarter of the population of the Middle East.
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Croissant fertile
Le Croissant fertile est une région du
Moyen-Orient comprenant les territoires des États actuels d'
Israël, du
Liban, de
Chypre, du
Koweït, de
Palestine (
Cisjordanie et
Gaza) ainsi que des parties de la
Jordanie, de la
Syrie, de l'
Irak, de l'
Iran, de l'
Égypte (sur ce point, il ne semble pas y avoir consensus) et le sud-est de la
Turquie. Le terme « Croissant fertile » fut donné par l'archéologue
James Henry Breasted de l'
Université de Chicago car l'arc formé par les différentes zones ressemble à un croissant.
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