Animals,
plants,
fungi, and
protists are eukaryotes ,
organisms whose
cells are organized into complex structures by internal
membranes and a
cytoskeleton. The most characteristic membrane-bound structure is the
nucleus. This feature gives them their name, also spelled "eucaryote," which comes from the
Greek ευ, meaning good/true, and κάρυον, meaning nut, referring to the nucleus. In the nucleus, the genetic material,
DNA, is arranged in
chromosomes. Many eukaryotic cells also contain membrane-bound
organelles such as
mitochondria,
chloroplasts and
Golgi bodies. Eukaryotes often have unique
flagella made of
microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement.
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The DNA lies within a true nucleus (eu-karyon). May be unicellular (protist, some fungi) or multicellular (most fungi, plants, animals). Among eukaryotes, most fungi are haploid.
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