EROS may refer to:

• EROS Center, the Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science, the United States national archive of remotely sensed images of the Earth's land surface
• EROS (satellite), Earth Resources Observation Satellite, a series of commercial Israeli Earth observation satellites, designed and manufactured by Israel Aircraft Industries
• Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students, a militant Tamil separatist group in Sri Lanka
• Event-related optical signal, a brain-scanning signal
• Extremely Reliable Operating System, an operating system developed at the University of Pennsylvania and Johns Hopkins University
• JDT 1650R EROS - aircraft

Eros (, "Intimate Love"), in Greek mythology, was the primordial god of sexual love and beauty. He was also worshipped as a fertility deity. His Roman counterpart was Cupid ("desire"), also known as Amor ("love"). In some myths, he was the son of the deities Aphrodite and Ares, but according to Plato's Symposium, he was conceived by Poros (Plenty) and Penia (Poverty) at Aphrodite's birthday. Like Dionysus, he was sometimes referred to as Eleutherios, "the liberator".