In
physics, the electromagnetic force is the force that the
electromagnetic field exerts on electrically charged particles. It is the electromagnetic force that holds
electrons and protons together in
atoms, and which hold atoms together to make
molecules. The electromagnetic force operates via the exchange of
messenger particles called
photons and
virtual photons. The exchange of messenger particles between bodies acts to create the perceptual force whereby instead of just pushing or pulling particles apart, the exchange changes the character of the particles that swap them.
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Electromagnetism is the
physics of the
electromagnetic field: a
field which exerts a
force on
particles that possess the property of
electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of those particles.The magnetic field is produced by the motion of electric charges, i.e.
electric current. The magnetic field causes the magnetic force associated with
magnets.While preparing for an evening lecture on 21 April 1820,
Hans Christian Ørsted developed an experiment which provided evidence that surprised him. As he was setting up his materials, he noticed a compass needle deflected from magnetic north when the electric current from the battery he was using was switched on and off. This deflection convinced him that magnetic fields radiate from all sides of a wire carrying an electric current, just as light and heat do, and that it confirmed a direct relationship between electricity and magnetism.
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