The electro-optic effect is a change in the optical properties of a material in response to an
electric field that varies slowly compared with the frequency of light. The term encompasses a number of distinct phenomena, which can be subdivided intoa) change of the
absorptionelectroabsorption: general change of the absorption constants
Franz-Keldysh effect: change in the absorption shown in some bulk semiconductorsQuantum-confined
Stark effect: change in the absorption in some semiconductor
quantum wellselectro-chromatic effect: creation of an absorption band at some wavelengths, which gives rise to a change in colour
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Any one of a number of phenomena that occur when an
electromagnetic wave in the
optical spectrum interacts with an
electric field, or with matter under the influence of an electric field. (
188 ) Note 1: Two of the most important electro-optic effects having application as
modulation mechanisms in optical communication are the Kerr effect and the Pockels effect, in which
birefringence is induced or modified in a liquid (Kerr effect) or solid (Pockels effect). Note 2: The term "electro-optic" is often erroneously used as a synonym for "
optoelectronic."