Edom is a name given to
Esau in the
Hebrew Bible, as well as to the nation descending from him. The nation's name in
Assyrian was Udumi; in
Syriac, ܐܕܘܡ; in
Greek, Ἰδουμαία (Idoumaía); in
Latin, Idumæa or Idumea.The Edomite people were a
Semitic-speaking tribal group inhabiting the
Negev Desert and the
Arabah valley of what is now southern
Israel and adjacent
Jordan. The region has much reddish sandstone, which may have given rise to the name "Edom". The nation of Edom is known to have existed back to the
8th or
9th century BCE, and the Bible dates it back several centuries further. Recent archeological evidence may indicate an Edomite nation as long ago as the
11th century BCE, but the topic is controversial. The nation ceased to exist with the
Jewish-Roman Wars.
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