The
Malay language has a complex system of
titles and
honorifics which is still extensively used in
Malaysia and
Brunei.
Singapore, whose Malay royalty was abolished by the British colonial government in 1891, has adopted civic titles for its leaders.
Indonesia, meanwhile, despite being a Republic, recognizes several hereditary rulers and aristocratic systems, mostly those who supported the Independence movement of 1945. The late wife of former President
Soeharto, for example, was the Raden Ayu Tien Hartini, not as some say, Madame Soeharto. Under the Dutch, similarly, descendants of the
Majoors, Kapiteins and Luitnens der Chinezen in
Java were entitled to the hereditary title "Sia". Together with
Peranakan feudalism, however, these titles were abolished by the colonial government in the 1930s during the implementation of their 'social policy'.
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