DNA sequencing
The term DNA sequencing encompasses
biochemical methods for determining the order of the
nucleotide bases,
adenine,
guanine,
cytosine, and
thymine, in a
DNA oligonucleotide. The sequence of DNA constitutes the heritable genetic information in
nuclei,
plasmids,
mitochondria, and
chloroplasts that forms the basis for the developmental programs of all living organisms. Determining the DNA sequence is therefore useful in basic research studying fundamental biological processes, as well as in applied fields such as diagnostic or
forensic research. The advent of DNA sequencing has significantly accelerated biological research and discovery. The rapid speed of sequencing attainable with modern DNA sequencing technology has been instrumental in the large-scale sequencing of the
human genome, in the
Human Genome Project. Related projects, often by scientific collaboration across continents, have generated the complete DNA sequences of many animal, plant, and microbial genomes.
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Séquençage de l'ADN
Le séquençage de l'
ADN consiste à déterminer l'ordre d'enchaînement des
nucléotides d’un fragment d’ADN donné. Actuellement, la plupart des séquençages d’ADN sont réalisés par la méthode de
Sanger décrite ci-dessous. Cette technique utilise la réaction de polymérisation de l’ADN à l'aide d'une
ADN polymérase et des didésoxyribonucléotides (ddNTP).
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DNA-Sequenzierung
Sekwencjonowanie DNA
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Sequencing