Events1041 - Empress
Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the
Eastern Roman Empire as
Michael V.1508 - The
League of Cambrai is formed by
Pope Julius II,
Louis XII of France,
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and
Ferdinand II of Aragon as an alliance against
Venice.1520 -
Martin Luther burns his copy of the
papal bull Exsurge Domine outside
Wittenberg's Elster Gate.
1684 -
Isaac Newton's derivation of
Kepler's laws from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper
De motu corporum in gyrum, is read to the
Royal Society by
Edmund Halley.
1817 -
Mississippi becomes the 20th
U.S. state.
1836 - Emory College (now
Emory University) is chartered in
Oxford, Georgia.
1861 -
American Civil War: the
Confederate States of America accepts a rival state government's pronouncement that declares
Kentucky to be the 13th state of the Confederacy.
1864 -
American Civil War:
Sherman's March to the Sea - Major General
William T. Sherman's
Union Army troops reach
Savannah, Georgia.
1868 - The first
traffic lights are installed outside the
Houses of Parliament in
London. Resembling
railway signals, they use
semaphore arms and are illuminated at night by
red and
green gas lamps.
1869 -
Wyoming grants women the right to vote.1869 - The first American chapter of
Kappa Sigma is founded at the
University of Virginia.
1898 -
Spanish-American War: The
Treaty of Paris is signed, officially ending the conflict.
1899 - The
Delta Sigma Phi fraternity is founded at the
City College of New York.
1901 - The first
Nobel Prizes are awarded.
1902 - Women are given the right to vote in
Tasmania.
1904 - The
Pi Kappa Phi fraternity is founded at the
College of Charleston in
Charleston, South Carolina.
1906 -
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt wins the
Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first American to win a
Nobel Prize of any kind.
1932 -
Thailand adopts a
Constitution and becomes a
constitutional monarchy.
1935 - The
Downtown Athletic Club Trophy, later renamed the
Heisman Trophy, was given to halfback
Jay Berwanger of the
University of Chicago. This award was given to the best college football player east the
Mississippi River.
1936 -
Abdication Crisis:
Edward VIII signs his Instrument of Abdication.
1941 -
World War II: The
Royal Navy capital ships
HMS Prince of Wales and
HMS Repulse are sunk by
Imperial Japanese Navy torpedo bombers near
Malaya.1941 -
World War II:
Battle of the Philippines -
Imperial Japanese forces under the command of General
Masaharu Homma land on the Philippine mainland.
1948 - The
UN General Assembly adopts the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
1949 -
Chinese Civil War: The
People's Liberation Army begins its siege of
Chengdu, the last
Kuomintang-held city in
mainland China, forcing
President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek and his government to retreat to
Taiwan.
1953 - Dr.
Albert Schweitzer is awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize for his humanitarian work.
1963 - The
United States Air Force's
X-20 Dyna-Soar spaceplane program is cancelled by
Robert McNamara.
1968 -
Japan's biggest heist, the still-unsolved "
300 million yen robbery", occurs in
Tokyo.
1970 - Agricultural scientist
Norman Borlaug, "father of the
Green Revolution", is awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize.
1971 -
Jim Hart throws a football for a record 98 yards, the longest recorded throw.
1975 - Activist
Andrei Sakharov is awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize, accepted by his wife,
Yelena Bonner.
1978 -
Arab-Israeli conflict:
Prime Minister of Israel Menachem Begin and
President of Egypt Anwar Sadat are jointly awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize.
1981 - The
United Nations General Assembly approves
Pakistan proposal for establishing nuclear free-zone in
South Asia.
1983 -
Democracy is restored in
Argentina with the assumption of President
Raúl Alfonsín.1983 -
Solidarity leader
Lech Wałęsa is awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize, accepted by his wife, Danuta.
1984 -
Apartheid: Cleric and activist
Desmond Tutu is awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize.
1986 -
The Holocaust:
Elie Wiesel is awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize.
1989 -
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj announced the establishment of Mongolia's democratic movement that peacefully changed the second oldest communist country into a democratic society.
1996 -
Rwandan Genocide: Military Advisor to the
United Nations Secretary-General and head of the Military Division of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations
Maurice Baril recommends that the
UN multi-national forces in
Zaire stand down.
2006 - Two million
Lebanese opposition supporters gather in downtown
Beirut, calling for the government to resign.
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